The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.